Sentence Glosses of Jiwarli Texts

In the glosses, each sentence of the Jiwarli texts is examined individually, to explain exactly what each part of each word 'means,' or what information it conveys, for example tense or aspect. The text is presented as a series of numbered sentences in three lines:

• A red line of Jiwarli showing words broken into their constituent morphemes
• A black line showing morpheme-by-morpheme glosses
• A green line of free translation of each sentence.

The transcription of Jiwarli is in a practical orthography (explained in the sounds page), but for those who would like to know immediately:

• nh, th, lh represent lamino-dentals
• rn, rt, rl represent apico-domals (retroflexes)
• ny, j, ly represent lamino-palatals
• rr is a flapped r-sound, while r is a post-alveolar continuant
• the three vowels i, u, and a have their International Phonetics Association values
• long vowels are written double as ii, uu, and aa.

There are many abbreviations used to describe the function of various morphemes, for example FUT means 'future,' ie. future tense. There is a full list of all the abbreviations used.