\ft likijba ngayu miyan
\or
\ncr likijba: regarding the informant's pronunciation: see note on vowel glide
allophones in "Garawa Phonology and Orthography".
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg likijba ngayu miyan
step NO GLOSS snake
\ncfg
\fft step on (snake)
\ncfft English gloss on the recording: “to step on a snake”
\os Belfrage 1997:47: miya (noun) (“snake” (generic))
\ncos
\na liki-jba ngayu miyan-[ ]
\ncna
\ng step-UNM 1sg.subj snake-NOM
\ncng Translation: "I step on a snake"
\ft wailijin ngaki kajbi ngaibur[.]
\or ngaibur[.]
\ncr wailijin ngaki kajbi ngaibur[.] ("flint's transcription" field):
informant's pronunciation sounds like walijin ngaki kajbi nayijbeyurin[yi]
(where small e stands for a schwa-like vowel).
\ncr ngaibur[.] ("other recordings" field): standard orthography based on the
recording: nayijbi (see "other sources" field).
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg wailijin ngaki kajbi ngaibur[.]
NO GLOSS NO GLOSS cut with knife
\ncfg
\fft cut with a knife
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:52: nayijbi (noun) ("knife")
\ncos
\na walijin-[ ] ngaki ka-jbi nayijbi-yurinyi
\ncna
\ng beef-NOM 1sg.DAT cut-UNM:IMP knife-??
\ncng Translation: "Cut the beef for me with a knife!"
\ft jarkubaya nanama
\or jarkuba; nayibiwanyi
\ncr jarkubaya nanama ("flint's transcription" field): informant's pronunciation
sounds like ja[rl]kubaya nanaman.
\ncr jarkuba ("other recordings" field): standard orthography based on the
recording: jarlkuba.
\ncr nayibiwanyi ("other recordings" field): standard orthography based on the
recording: nayibiwanyi
\ncr The process of eliciting this item was not recorded (only the later
checking with the informant). The informant’s first response on the recording is
jarkuba…nayibiwanyi, which differs from jarkubaya nanama (see "flint's
transcription" field), which Flint had previously transcribed. Flint asks the
informant whether jarkubaya nanama means “stab with a knife”, and the informant
agrees that it does.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft stab with knife
\ncfft English gloss on recording: “stab with a knife; to stab with a knife”.
\os
\ncos
\na jarlku-ba=ya nanaman
\ncna
\ng stab-UNM=YA that.nonspec
\ncng Translation: "to stab it"
\ft bijbai miyanami na[ng]ka manin
(NOTE: There is no recording corresponding exactly to this transcription. See
"other recordings" field).
\or miyawanyi bijbayi ngana kardbayungu marnin;
miya bijbayi kardbayi nangka manin;
bijbayi miyawanyi kardbaya nangka marnin; bijbayi miyawanyi kardbayi nangka
manin;
kajbayi; bijba; kajbaya nangka manin;
\ncr The utterances in the "other recordings" field have been transcribed as
heard on the recording.
\ncr miyanami ("flint's transcription" field): The informant pronounces this
word as miyawanyi. We have written miyawanyi for all of the tokens of this word
in the "other recordings" field.
\ncr It is difficult to discern the pronunciation of kadba (kardba or kajba?)
\ncr As may be seen in the "other recordings" field, the informant includes the
verb kadba (pronounced kardba/kajba) in his responses. Flint, in his
transcription, treats this as a separate item, kadbanangka, with its own gloss
(“cut off”). On the recording, Flint asks the informant what kadbanangka means,
and the informant replies that it means “cut ’im off -- finger”. kadbanangka
forms a separate entry in this database (see following entry).
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft chop off
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:6: bijba (trans vb) (“bite”)
\ncos
\os Osborne 1966:5: bidbayi (“bite-it”) (in the sentence ”bajanguwanyi bidbayi
badardan (“The dog bit the baby”)).
\ncos
\os Belfrage 1997:44: marni (noun) (“hand; finger” like marrkilikili)
\ncos
\na bi-jba=yi miya-wanyi nangka marnin-[ ]
\ncna
\ng bite-UNM=PAST snake-ERG 3sg.REFL finger-NOM
\ncng Translation: ?? "The snake bit his finger"
\ft kadbanangka
(NOTE: There is no recording associated with this transcription (see "comments
on the recording" field)
\or
\ncr Even though Flint treats kadbanangka as a separate entry in his
transcription, it appears to belong in the sentence expressing the verb “to chop
off” (see the entry bijbai miyanami na[ng]ka manin above). That kadbanangka
belongs in that sentence is suggested by the fact that some variant of it
appears in almost all of the recordings in the "other recordings" field
associated with the sentence.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft cut off
\ncfft The informant notes that this verb means “cut ’im off -- finger”. The
word for “finger” is manin, and appears in the larger sentence bijbai miyanami
na[ng]ka manin (see previous entry)
\os
\ncos
\na kard-ba nangka
\ncna
\ng cut off-UNM 3sg.REFL
\ncng Translation: ??"He cuts off (his finger)"
\ft ladkamba ngayu kundan
(NOTE: There is no recording which exactly corresponds to this transcription.
See "other recordings" field).
\or ladkumba ngayu [nanaman] kundan
\ncr
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft split the log
\ncfft English gloss on the recording: “to split the log”
\os Furby 1972:16: nanama (demonstrative pronoun) "that nonspecific"
\ncos
\na ladku-mba ngayu [nanaman] kundan-[ ]
\ncna
\ng split-UNM 1sg.subj that.nonspec.NOM log-NOM
\ncng Translation: "I split the log"
\ft kurijbi jamban
\or
\ncr Standard orthography based on the recording: kurrijbi jamban.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft dig a hole
\ncfft
\os
\ncos
\na kurri-jbi jamban -[ ]
\ncna
\ng dig-UNM:IMP hole-NOM
\ncng Word-final i may express the imperative mood (see note on the imperative
in “Garawa Grammar”). For a number of verbs, the informant gives this
[apparently] imperative construction in response to an indicative elicitation
verb. Although the recording sometimes suggests an imperative interpretation
(e.g. the wording of Flint's elicitation, or the informant's tone), the
significance of this "-i" construction is not entirely clear. It may simply be a
citation form ("to verb").
\ncng Translation: "Dig a hole!".
\ft manijakiijba manin
(NOTE: There is no recording associated with this transcription. See "other
recordings" field).
\or manijakiijba manin [nanami]; manija kiijba; manin
\ncr manijakiijba manin [nanami] ("other recordings" field): nanami does not
appear in Flint’s original transcription. It may correspond to the demonstrative
pronoun nanama (“that nonspecific”) (Furby 1972:16).
\ncr manijakiijba (all utterances): informant's pronunciation approaches
maninjakijbaya or maninjakijbayi (standard orthography).
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg manijakiijba manin
steal NO GLOSS
\ncfg
\fft steal money
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:42: maninjakujba (trans verb) (“steal”)
\ncos
\na maninjaki-jba=ya manin-[ ]
\ncna
\ng steal-UNM=YA money-NOM
\ncng See note on =YA in "Garawa Grammar"
\ncng Translation: "to steal money"
\ft manij akiijba jibarin
\or
\ncr Standard orthography based on the recording: maninjikijbayi jibarrin.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg manij akiijba jibarin
NO GLOSS woman
\ncfg
\fft steal a woman
\ncfft English gloss on the recording: “to steal a woman”
\os
\ncos
\na maninjaki-jba[=ya] jibarin-[ ]
\ncna
\ng steal-UNM[=YA] woman-NOM
\ncng See Flint's note on =YA in "Garawa Grammar"
\ncng Translation: to steal a woman"
\ft dalyambangayu
\or
\ncr
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg break [transitive]
\ncfg English gloss on the recording: “to break” (This is the transitive meaning
of the verb (“to break something”), as opposed to the intransitive verb dalya
wiidbai (“to break”) (see next entry).
\fft
\ncfft
\os
\ncos
\na dalya-mba ngayu
\ncna
\ng break-UNM 1sg.subj
\ncng Translation: "I break something"
\ft dalya wiidbai nanama(n)
\or dalya wiidbai […] nanama(n); dalya wiidbai nanama(n)(2);
\ncr dalya wiidbai […] nanama(n) ("other recordings" field): This is the
informant’s first response to the English elicitation.
\ncr wiidbai (all utterances): Standard orthography based on the recordings:
wijbayi.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft nanama(n): n is bracketed in Flint’s original transcription. See Note 1 in
“Flint’s Phonological Notes on Garawa and Yanyula”.
\fg breaks [intransitive]
\ncfg English elicitation on recording: “it breaks”. This is the intransitive
meaning of the verb (“to break”), as opposed to the transitive verb dalyamba
(“to break something”) (see previous entry).
\fft
\ncfft
\os Furby 1972:16: nanama is the demonstrative pronoun "that-nonspecific"
\ncos
\na dalyawi-jba=yi nanaman
\ncna
\ng break-UNM=PAST that.nonspec.NOM
\ncng Translation: "It broke"
\ft kurijba ngaka
\or kurijba ngaka(2); kurijba ngaka(3); kurijba; ngaka
\ncr kurijba (all utterances): Standard orthography based on the recordings:
kurrijba.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg rub
\ncfg English gloss on the recording: “I rub; rub”
\fft
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:37: kurrijba (trans verb) ("1. scratch; 2. dig")
\ncos
\na kurri-jba ngaka
\ncna
\ng rub-UNM 1sg.REFL
\ncng Translation: "I rub (myself)".
\ft kanda banaka jalun
\or kanda banaka jalun(2); ngaka(2); jalun(3)
\ncr kanda banaka jalun (all utterances in): informant's pronunciation
approaches kandabaya naka jalu(n) (brackets indicate variable pronunciation -
see Note 1 in "Flint's Phonological Notes on Garawa and Yanyula".).
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg
\ncfg
\fft tap skin off
\ncfft English elicitation on the recording: “I knock the skin off”. The meaning
“tap skin off” is given by the informant.
\os Belfrage 1997:18: jalu (noun) (“forearm”) (also used of front leg of animal,
front fin of fish, wing of bird)
\ncos
\na kanda-ba=ya ngaka jalun-[ ]
\ncna
\ng knock-UNM=YA 1sg.REFL forearm-NOM
\ncng Although the recording is unclear, I assume that I assume that naka
corresponds to the 1sg reflexive pronoun ngaka (Furby 1972:2, Table 1).
\ncng Translation: "I knock my forearm"
\ft jinji bangayu boss ”namanki
(NOTE: There is no recording associated with this transcription. See "other
recordings" field).
\or jinji bangayu nanama; boss namangi;
jinji bangayu … boss namangi; namangi
\ncr jinji bangayu nanama; boss namangi (first line of "other recordings"
field): On the recording these two utterances appear to belong together, to make
up the sentence jinji bangayu nanama boss namangi
\ncr jinji bangayu … boss namangi ("other recordings" field): This recording
contains speech by Flint, which has been left in so as not to break up the
sentence.
\ncr ”namanki ("flint's transcription" field): Both the informant and Flint
consistently pronounce this word as namangi (with a velar nasal and no velar
stop). In the "other recordings" field, it has been transcribed as ”namangi.
\ncr jinji bangayu (nanama) boss namangi "flint's transcription" and "other
recordings" fields): standard orthography based on the recordings: jingkijba
ngayu (nanama) boss ngamangi.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg know a person or thing
\ncfg English elicitation on recording: “I know a person”; “to know something; I
know a thing”
\fft
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:21: jingkijba (trans verb) (“1. know 2.recognize”)
\ncos
\na jingki-jba ngayu boss-[ ] ngama-ngi-[ ]
\ncna
\ng know-UNM 1sg.subj boss-NOM ??-POSS-NOM
\ncng Translation: ?? "I know [….]'s boss"
\ft jinji bangayu bukamba
NOTE: There is no recording corresponding exactly to this transcription. See
"other recordings" field.
\or nanama jinji bangayu bukamba
\ncr Standard orthography based on the recording: nanama jingkijba ngayu
bukamba.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft
\fg jinji bangayu bukamba
NO GLOSS altogether
\ncfg
\fft know all about (“I know all about”)
\ncfft
\os
\ncos
\na (nanama) jingki-jba ngayu bukamba
\ncna
\ng that one know-UNM 1sg.subj altogether
\ncng Translation: "I know all about that"
\ft ”mari bangayu ’ngalu”rin?? ”mari bangayu ’ngawlu”rin??
NOTE: There is no recording which corresponds exactly to this transcription. See
"other recordings" field below.
\or ”mari bangayu; ’ngalu”rinan
\ncr ”mari bangayu ’ngalu”rin: Standard orthography based on the recordings:
mardibangayu ngalurrinan.
\sd verbs and sentences
\ncft Flint’s written transcription: a possible alternative spelling of
’ngalu”rin is ’ngaUlu”rin. However, Flint’s pronunciation on the recording
supports the original spelling.
\fg ”mari bangayu ’ngalu”rin
NO GLOSS cold
\ncfg
\fft have a head cold ("to have a head cold").
\ncfft
\os Belfrage 1997:43-44: mardujba (intrans verb) ("be cold, feel cold, be
emotionless, without heat or anger")
\ncos
\os Belfrage 1992:54: ngalurr (noun) ("a cold, cough")
\ncos
\na mardi-ba ngayu ngalurr-inan.
\ncna
\ng be cold-UNM 1sg.subj cold-INST
\ncng Translation (literal): "I am cold with a cold"
(c) 1999-2002 University of Queensland