A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages

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kabbā ʻ crooked, perverse, obstinate ʼ. -- Ext. with -- ṭa -- : Bshk. kōr ʻ left -- hand ʼ? -- Pk. kavvāḍa -- m. ʻ right hand ʼ (though with same suffix as khalvāṭa -- s.v. kharvá -- ) is semant. difficult. -- Kaf. forms with k -- listed under kharvá -- perh. < *karva -- .

karṣá 2905 karṣá m. ʻ dragging ʼ Pāṇ., ʻ agriculture ʼ Āp. [Cf. kāˊrṣi -- ʻ ploughing ʼ TS., karṣí -- Kapiṣṭh.: √kr̥ṣ]
Pk. karisa -- m. ʻ dragging ʼ, kassa -- m. ʻ mud ʼ; Paš. kaṣ ʻ pulling ʼ; Or. kāsa ʻ time or turn of ploughing a field ʼ. <-> Poss. Wg. koṣ ʻ snake ʼ, Ash. kəreš ʻ snake ʼ, Wg. koṣ (< ʻ dragging or trailing on the ground ʼ) or < kr̥śá -- .

karṣaka 2906 karṣaka ʻ cultivating ʼ, m. ʻ husbandman ʼ Yājñ. [karṣá -- : √kr̥ṣ]
Pa. kassaka -- m. ʻ ploughman ʼ, Pk. karisaya -- , kāsaya -- , °sava -- m.; Si. kasayā ʻ peasant ʼ, kasu -- kama ʻ ploughing, agriculture ʼ; -- H. kassā m. ʻ mattock ʼ, °sī ʻ small do. ʼ, kussī f. (X kus < kuśīˊ -- ).

karṣaṇa 2907 karṣaṇa n. ʻ tugging, ploughing, hurting ʼ Mn., ʻ cultivated land ʼ MBh. [kárṣati, √kr̥ṣ]
Pk. karisaṇa -- n. ʻ pulling, ploughing ʼ; G. karsaṇ n. ʻ cultivation, ploughing ʼ; OG. karasaṇī m. ʻ cultivator ʼ, G. karasṇī m. -- See *kr̥ṣaṇa -- .

2908 kárṣati ʻ draws, pulls ʼ RV. [√kr̥ṣ]
Pa. kassatē ʻ ploughs ʼ; Pk. karisaï, kāsaï ʻ pulls ʼ; Gy. pal. kšal -- ʻ to drag, pull, lead ʼ, arm. kaš -- ʻ to pull ʼ; Ash. keṣawā -- ʻ to draw out ʼ; Wg. kaṣ -- ʻ to pull ʼ, kaṣā -- ʻ to take away by force ʼ; Kt. kṣō -- ʻ to creep ʼ; Pr. -- kṣə -- ʻ to pull ʼ, Dm. kaṣāy -- ; Kal. kaṣalém ʻ I creep ʼ; S. kasaṇu ʻ to tighten ʼ, L. kassaṇ, awāṇ. kassuṇ, WPah. bhad. kaśṇū, P. kassṇā (→ Ku. kasṇo, N. kasnu, B. kasā; Or. kasā ʻ close -- fisted ʼ; Mth. kasab ʻ to tighten ʼ, OAw. kasaï, H. kasnā; OMarw. kasaï ʻ harnesses, binds ʼ; G. kasvũ ʻ to tighten ʼ, M. kasṇẽ); OM. kāsaṇeṁ ʻ to tie fast ʼ. -- See kr̥ṣáti.
Addenda: kárṣati [Cf. Ir. in Shgh. kirā̤x̌t ʻ to drag, remove ʼ, Rosh. kirēx̌t EVSh 41 < *krāršaya -- < *kāršaya -- ]
WPah.kṭg. (kc.) kɔ́śṇõ ʻ to tighten, tie ʼ, J. kaśṇu.

karṣí 2909 karṣí ʻ furrowing ʼ Kapiṣṭh. [Cf. kāˊrṣi -- ʻ ploughing ʼ VS., karṣūˊ -- f. ʻ furrow, trench ʼ ŚBr.: √kr̥ṣ]
Pr. kṣe_ ʻ plough -- iron ʼ, Paš. kaṣí ʻ mattock, hoe ʼ; Shum. káṣi ʻ spade, pickaxe ʼ; S. kasī f. ʻ trench, watercourse ʼ; L. kass m. ʻ catch drain, ravine ʼ, kassī f. ʻ small distributing channel from a canal ʼ; G. kã̄s m. ʻ artificial canal for irrigation ʼ -- Dm. Phal. khaṣīˊ ʻ small hoe ʼ perh. X khánati.
Addenda: karṣí -- (kaṣĭ̄ -- f. ʻ spade ʼ lex.). [Like Av. karšivant<-> ʻ cultivator ʼ < IE. *kworsi -- with alternative development of IE. o ~ kāˊrṣi -- , kārṣīvaṇa -- ʻ cultivator ʼ T. Burrow, BSOAS xxxviii 63, 70; cf. karṣūˊ -- ~ †*kārṣū -- Turner BSOAS xxxvi 425]

2910 kárhi ʻ when? ʼ Pāṇ. [kárhicit ʻ at any time ʼ RV., Pa. karahaci ʻ sometimes ʼ: ka -- 1]
K. kar ʻ when? ʼ.
KAL1 ʻ count, think ʼ: kaláyati1, kalāˊ -- 2; ākalayati.
KAL2 ʻ impel ʼ: kalanā -- , kaláyati2, kāláyati2; *avakalati, *avakālayati, *utkalati, *utkāla -- , utkālayati, *niṣkalati, *niṣkāla -- , niṣkālayati, saṁkālayati.
KAL3 ʻ sound indistinctly ʼ: kálatē, kalya -- 2.
kala -- ʻ dumb, indistinct ʼ see kalya -- 2.
kalahaṁsa -- ?

kalaṅka 2911 kalaṅka m. ʻ stain, spot ʼ R.
Pa. kalaṅka -- m. ʻ spot, blemish ʼ; Pk. kalaṁka -- m. ʻ stain ʼ; Or. kaḷaṅkā, °ki ʻ rust on metal ʼ; M. kaḷãk f. ʻ verdigris ʼ.
*kalaṅkakāra -- .

kalaṅkakāra 2912 *kalaṅkakāra ʻ calumny ʼ. [Cf. kalaṅkakara -- ʻ calum- niating ʼ MW.: kalaṅka -- , kāra -- 1]
A. keleṅkār ʻ accusation of some immoral act, scandal ʼ.

kalañja 2913 kalañja m. ʻ a partic. weight ʼ Bhpr.
Si. kalan̆da ʻ a jeweller's weight equivalent to 20 māṣa seeds or 1/12 ounce ʼ.
Addenda: kalañja -- [~ Drav. DED 1135]

2914 kálatē ʻ sounds ʼ Dhātup., kalayati3 ʻ makes a mur- murous sound ʼ, kalakala -- m. ʻ indistinct sound ʼ Śiś. [kal3]
Pa. kalati ʻ utters an indistinct sound ʼ; Pk. kalēi ʻ murmurs ʼ; -- N. kalkalāunu ʻ to make a rippling noise ʼ, kalkali ʻ with a gurgle ʼ; G. kaḷkaḷvũ, kakaḷvũ ʻ to murmur ʼ; M. kaḷkaḷṇẽ ʻ to be clamorous ʼ; -- A. kelkelāiba ʻ to speak indistinctly ʼ.

kálatra 2915 kálatra n. ʻ pudendum muliebre ʼ lex., ʻ wife ʼ MBh., ʻ family ʼ BHSk., káḍatra -- Uṇ. BHSk.
Pk. kalatta -- n. ʻ wife ʼ; Paš. nij. kaletrī ʻ wife ʼ whence kaletró ʻ husband ʼ IIFL iii 3, 92 or poss. < kalatravant<-> ʻ having a wife ʼ BhP.; -- uzb. khanwōtrī ʻ woman ʼ, kanwotró ʻ husband ʼ?
Addenda: kálatra -- [Semant. cf. *chēdu -- and dāra -- 2]

kalanā 2916 kalanā f. ʻ inciting ʼ Sūryas., ʻ behaviour ʼ Kathās. [√kal2]
Pk. kalaṇā -- f. ʻ inciting ʼ; B. kalnā, kallā ʻ coquetry ʼ ODBL 331, but prob. ← Sk.

2917 kalandaka -- , °anta°, °aṇḍa°, °añja° m. ʻ squirrel ʼ BHSk ii 171.
Pa. kalanda -- , °aka -- m., Si. kalan̆dayā.
kalabhá -- see karabhá -- .
kalamba -- 1 ʻ stalk ʼ see kaḍambá -- .
kalamba -- 2 ʻ Nauclea cadamba ʼ see kadambá -- .
kalamba -- 3 ʻ crowd ʼ see kalāpa -- .
kalambī -- , kalambū -- see kaḍambī -- .

2918 kaláyati1 ʻ counts, thinks ʼ Śiś., kálatē Dhātup. [Cf. kāláyati ʻ counts, tells over ʼ MBh. Like kalāˊ -- 2 ← Drav. e.g. Tam. Kan. kal -- , Tel. Gondi kar -- ʻ to learn ʼ EWA i 180 with lit.: √kal1]
Pk. kalēi, °laï ʻ counts ʼ; Sh. kalyóĭki̯, 1 sg. kalīˊa̯m ʻ to count, consider ʼ; P. kaḷnā ʻ to know, perceive ʼ; Or. kaḷibā ʻ to count ʼ; G. kaḷvũ, kal° ʻ to understand, guess ʼ; M. kaḷṇẽ ʻ to feel, be sensible of (pain), be clear to, be understood ʼ, kaḷat ʻ knowingly ʼ; Ko. kaḷtā ʻ knows ʼ. <-> S. kiṛaṇu ʻ to learn a trade ʼ < *kaḍ -- ?

2919 kaláyati2 ʻ incites, impels ʼ MBh. [√kal2]
B. kalāna ʻ to induce, instigate ʼ; H. kalānā ʻ to shake up, mix, shuffle ʼ. -- See kāláyati2.

kaláśa 2920 kaláśa m. ʻ waterpot ʼ RV., kalaśī -- f. Bālar.
Pa. kalasa -- n. ʻ waterpot, woman's breast ʼ; NiDoc. kalaśa ʻ pot ʼ, Pk. kalasa -- m., °siyā -- f. ʻ small do. ʼ, N. kalas, kalsi, A. kalah, B. kalas, kalsi, Or. kaḷasa, kaḷasī, H. kalas, kalsā m., °sī f. (→ Bi. kalsā, °sī), Bhoj. kalas, Aw. lakh. kalsiā; OMarw. kalasa m. ʻ pitcher (usu. for religious ceremonies) ʼ; G. kaḷas m. ʻ waterpot, pile of waterpots ʼ, kaḷśī f. ʻ a partic. measure equivalent to 16 maunds ʼ, kaḷśiyɔ m. ʻ jug ʼ; M. kaḷas m. ʻ waterpot ʼ, kaḷsā m., °sī f., Ko. kaḷso m., °sī f., Si. kalasa, kalaha, kaḷaya (or < kuṭa -- 1). -- Ext. with -- ll -- : G. karaslī f. ʻ small waterpot ʼ < *kaḷaslī. -- X *kaṭacchu -- q.v.
*kalaśavarta -- .
Addenda: kaláśa -- : S.kcch. karsī f. ʻ a corn measure (= 16 maunds) ʼ, karsyo m. ʻ goblet ʼ; WPah.kṭg. (kc.) kɔḷəś m. ʻ waterpot ʼ.

kalaśavarta 2921 *kalaśavarta ʻ circular vessel ʼ. [kaláśa -- , *varta -- 2]
L. kalhoṭā m., °ṭī f. ʻ earthen jar for storing grain ʼ.

kalaha 2922 kalaha m. ʻ quarrel, fight ʼ MBh.
Pa. Pk. kalaha -- m.; S. karahĩ f. ʻ quarrelling ʼ; L. kallā m. ʻ noise, uproar ʼ; N. kalaha ʻ quarrel ʼ, A. kalah, kalau, B. kalah, Or. kaḷaha, Mth. H. kalah m., OMarw. kalaha m., G. kaḷɔ m., M. kaḷho m., Si. kalaha, kalā. <-> Kt. kəle ʻ war, fighting ʼ, Pr. k&schwamacr;lə perh. < kali -- 1. <-> Redup. K. kŏlakŏl m. ʻ uproar ʼ. -- Ext. with -- la -- : P. karhalā ʻ quarrelsome ʼ.
kalahin -- ; kalahakāra -- .

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