A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages

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2323 *upēṣayati ʻ sends on ʼ. [Cf. upaprḗṣyati ʻ drives on ʼ AV.: prob. to be separated from úpēṣatē ʻ attacks ʼ RV. < upa īṣ -- : √iṣ1]
Kho. weṣéik ʻ to send, dispatch, (Lor.) send away ʼ BelvalkarVol 97; -- or < *apēṣayati.

upēṣukā 2324 *upēṣukā ʻ arrow ʼ. [iṣukāˊ -- ]
Kho. weṣú ʻ arrow, bullet ʼ BelvalkarVol 97.

2325 úpaiti ʻ approaches ʼ RV., ʻ enters ʼ ŚBr. 2. upēta -- . [√i2]
1. Pa. upēti ʻ approaches ʼ (from which caus. ōpēti? see úpārpayati), Pk. uvēi, uēi; Si. vit ʻ having come ʼ < *upētvā.
2. Pa. upēta -- ʻ furnished with ʼ; Pk. uvēya -- ʻ gone near ʼ; Dm. wiē -- b -- ʻ to arrive, reach ʼ (NTS xii 193 < upāyin<-> X bhávati).

upōta 2326 upōta ʻ enveloped ʼ ŚāṅkhŚr. 2. *upōna -- . [√vē]
1. Kho. wor ʻ woof, worsted yarn for weaving ʼ.
2. Paš. lauṛ. wōn -- , ōn -- , kuṛ. ēn -- ʻ to spin ʼ IIFL iii 3, 185; N. unnu ʻ to thread, pierce ʼ; A. uni ʻ reel for winding silk on ʼ, uniyāiba ʻ to wind silk on a reel, come and go frequently ʼ (cf. *upavayana -- ).
úpōtta -- see *avōtta -- .

2326a *upōttapti -- Add. 14328.

úpōdaka 2327 úpōdaka ʻ near to water ʼ VS., n. ʻ the plant Basella cordifolia ʼ Suśr. [udaká -- ]
Kho. awóg ʻ moss near water, (Lor.) stagnant water ʼ (with otherwise unexpected a -- < unstressed u -- ?) BelvalkarVol 87. -- Or poss., but semant. less satisfactorily, < *avōdaka -- , avōda -- ʻ dripping ʼ Pāṇ. -- A further possibility is ápōdaka -- ʻ waterless ʼ RV., ʻ not fluid ʼ AV. > ʻ marshy, mossy ʼ.
*upōna -- ʻ woven ʼ see upōta -- .
Addenda: úpōdaka -- see †ávakā -- .

upōpta 2328 *upōpta ʻ sown ʼ. [úpavapati ʻ strews earth over, buries ʼ TS.: √vap2]
Paš. bōtóu ʻ ploughing (sowing?) ʼ; Shum. bṓtau -- ā̤l ʻ plough ʼ; Bshk. bōtei ʻ harvesting ʼ; Phal. bhotīt ʻ to plough ʼ IIFL iii 3, 39 with (?): b -- < upa -- is phonet. difficult, see úpaviśati.

uptá 2329 uptá ʻ scattered, sown ʼ RV. [√vap2]
Pk. utta -- ; Pr. ütúdotdot;nyok ʻ a cultivated field ʼ NTS xv 252; M. utẽ n. ʻ rice raised on unburned ground ʼ (or < next); -- with v -- from vápati: Pa. Pk. vutta<-> ʻ sown ʼ, Aś. NiDoc. vuta, Ku. butṇo ʻ to sow ʼ. -- See vápati.

uppara 2330 *uppara ʻ above ʼ. 2. *upparalla -- . [úpara -- ]
1. A. opar ʻ upper ʼ, subst. ʻ height, top ʼ; B. upar ʻ the top ʼ, Or. upara.
2. Pk. uppalla -- ʻ mounted on ʼ; N. upallo ʻ upper ʼ, H. uparlā, G. uplũ: -- all perh. rather der. from *uppari.
*upparapaṭṭa -- , *upparabhūmi -- .

upparapaṭṭa 2331 *upparapaṭṭa ʻ upper slab ʼ. [*uppara -- , paṭṭa -- 1]
Bi. uprauṭā ʻ upper stone of a handmill ʼ.

upparabhūmi 2332 *upparabhūmi ʻ upper ground ʼ. [Cf. uparibhūmí adv. ʻ above the ground ʼ ŚBr.: *uppara -- , bhūˊmi -- ]
Ku. upraũ ʻ dry unirrigated land ʼ.

2333 *uppari ʻ above ʼ. [upári with emph. lengthening of consonant]
NiDoc. upari (= upp°?), Pk. uppariṁ, uppiaṁ; Gy. arm. upra ʻ on ʼ, eur. opre, up°, pre ʻ on, over ʼ, opral, up°, pral ʻ from above ʼ, hung. upar ʻ on ʼ; K. wupar ʻ above ʼ; S. pari ʻ on ʼ; P. uppar, °pur ʻ on, above ʼ; WPah. khaś. bar, rudh. upri, Ku. N. upar; A. upari ʻ over and above ʼ, opare ʻ above ʼ; B. upar, par ʻ on ʼ, Or. upari, upuri, upara, para, Mth. ūpar, pari, par, OAw. para, H. ūpar, OMarw. upari, ūpara, parī, OG. ūpari, G. upari, par, M. upar.

upya 2334 upya ʻ to be sown ʼ KātyŚr. [√vap2]
H. ūp m. ʻ a method by which cultivators get seed, returning at the harvest the amount of seed plus some grain extra ʼ.

2335 upyátē ʻ is strewn, is sown ʼ RV. [√vap2]
H. ūpnā, up° ʻ to be sown ʼ; M. upṇẽ, ũp° ʻ to sow ʼ; <-> with v -- from act. vápati: Pa. vuppati ʻ is sown ʼ, Pk. vuppaï.

ubdhrikā 2336 *ubdhrikā ʻ snare ʼ. [Cf. Oss. urd ʻ warp ʼ IIFL iii 3, 6: √ubh]
Ash. undrīˊ ʻ snare ʼ, Paš. lauṛ. udrīˊ, weg. chil. ulīˊ.

ubbakka 2337 *ubbakka ʻ vomited ʼ. [S. uḇ -- , G. M. ub -- point to earlier *ubb -- (< *udb -- ?) rather than *uvv -- as in Pk. (< *udvakka -- replacing udvānta -- )]
Pk. uvvakka -- ʻ vomited ʼ, uvvakkaï ʻ vomits, drives out ʼ; S. uḇakāraṇu ʻ to retch, sigh ʼ, P. ubakṇā ʻ to vomit ʼ; Ku. ubkai ʻ nausea ʼ, ubkauṇo ʻ to raise, lever up ʼ; H. ubāknā, ubak° ʻ to vomit ʼ; G. ubak f., ubkɔ m. ʻ retching ʼ; M. ubak m. ʻ rising of matter from the stomach (before vomiting) ʼ.
*ubbadhya -- ʻ contents of stomach ʼ see ūˊbadhya -- .
Addenda: *ubbakka -- : S.kcch. aubākī f. ʻ yawn ʼ?

ubbar 2338 *ubbar ʻ rise, swell ʼ. 2. *ubbār -- . [See *ubbal -- ]
1. Or. ubaribā, ubur° ʻ to rise, come out ʼ; M. ubarṇẽ ʻ to rise (of a blister), rise into shape (of a heap of grain &c.) ʼ.
2. M. ubarṇẽ ʻ to raise and form ʼ, ubārṇẽ ʻ to emit watery fluid. ʼ

ubbal 2339 *ubbal ʻ rise, swell, boil ʼ. 2. *ubbāl -- tr. [Morgenstierne AO xviii 222 derives from ud -- val -- , Sk. vā̆layati, ONorwegian vella ʻ boil ʼ, IE. *wel -- IEW 1140. If so forms of K. G.M. with b and S. with ḇ must be ← Centre, since -- d -- v -- > Pk. -- vv -- and in these languages -- v -- . Poss., with *ubbar -- , *ubbār -- above, due to coalescence of ud -- val -- with ud -- bhar -- s.v. údbharati; but cf. also a similar series s.v. *ummaḍ -- .
1. Bshk. ōbél ʻ boiling ʼ; K. wubalāwun ʻ to cause to boil ʼ; S. uḇiraṇu intr. ʻ to boil ʼ; L. (Jukes) uḇlaṇ ʻ to boil, effervesce ʼ; P. ubbalṇā intr. ʻ to boil ʼ; B. ublā ʻ to boil over ʼ; Or. ubaḷibā ʻ to rise, overflow ʼ; H. ubalnā ʻ to boil over, rise, ascend ʼ; M. ubaḷṇẽ ʻ to have one's pregnancy terminated ʼ.
2. S. uḇāraṇu tr. ʻ to boil ʼ, L. (Jukes) uḇālaṇ, P. ubālaṇā, H. ubālnā; G. ubāḷɔ m. ʻ outburst, excitement ʼ; M. ubāḷā m. ʻ bubbling up ʼ.
Addenda: *ubbal -- . 1. WPah.kṭg. ubəḷnõ intr. ʻ to boil ʼ.
2. *ubbāl -- WPah.kṭg. bwaḷnō tr. ʻ to boil ʼ, bwāḷ m. ʻ vapour (e.g. from wet clothes) ʼ; J. bwā'ḷ m. ʻ heat ʼ.
*ubbāl -- see *ubbal -- Add2.

ubbā 2340 *ubbā ʻ damp heat ʼ.
Pk. uvvā -- f. ʻ heat ʼ, uvvāha -- , m.; S. uḇa, huḇa f. ʻ vapour, steam ʼ; L. ubā m. ʻ excessive heat and sweat owing to sultriness ʼ, (Jukes) uḇā m. ʻ miasma rising from flooded lands, malaria ʼ; G. ub, ubā f. ʻ mould ʼ; M. ūb f. ʻ sultry heat ʼ; H. ūbh m. ʻ sultry heat ʼ. -- Deriv. H. ūbhnā ʻ to be oppressed by heat ʼ; G. ubvũ ʻ to rot ʼ; M. ubṇẽ ʻ to swelter, spoil through heat ʼ. -- Ext.: Pk. uvvara -- m., °ria -- n. ʻ heat ʼ; -- G. M. ubaṭ ʻ mouldy ʼ; -- M. ubaḷṇẽ ʻ to rot through excessive heat ʼ, ubārṇẽ ʻ to swelter, rot through heat ʼ. -- See next.

2340a *ubbākāla -- ʻ hot season ʼ. [*ubbā -- , kālá -- 1]
M. ubāḷā m. ʻ hot or dry season ʼ.
UBH ʻ weave ʼ: *ubdhrikā -- , *vābha -- ; *pravabhati; -- √*vabh.

umbara 2341 umbara, °bura -- m. ʻ upper timber of a door -- frame ʼ lex.
Pa. ummāra -- m. ʻ threshold, sill, curbstone ʼ; Pk. uṁbara -- m. ʻ threshold ʼ, ummara -- m. ʻ lower piece of doorway ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) *lmbēr ʻ one piece of a door -- frame (top, side, or bottom) ʼ; B. umbar ʻ upper timber of a door -- frame ʼ; Or. umbara ʻ threshold, upper piece of a door post ʼ; G. ũbar, umar, ũbrɔ, umrɔ, ũbhrɔ m., ũbrī f. ʻ threshold, sill ʼ; M. umar m., n., ũbrā, umrā m. ʻ upper or under cross piece of door -- frame, threshold ʼ (LM 298 < udumbara -- ); -- M. ũbarṭhā m. ʻ ground under threshold ʼ < *umbara -- stha -- ?

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