A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages

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asigrāha 970 *asigrāha ʻ sword -- bearer ʼ. [así -- , grāhá -- ]
Pa. asiggāha -- , °aka -- m. ʻ sword -- bearer ʼ, Si. (SigGr) asigi.

ásr̥j 971 ásr̥j, nom. ásr̥k, gen. asnáḥ n. ʻ blood ʼ RV., asra -- n. Kālid.
1. asn -- : Pr. usũ̄̈. 2. ā̆sr -- : Paš. lauṛ. ār, kuṛ. ōel, dar. āš, ar. ōstr.

972 asáu ʻ that ʼ RV. with its obl. cases from the st. amu -- , esp. gen. amúṣya formed the basis of MIA. and NIA. remote demonstratives.
Pa. asu: amussa, Pk. ahō: amussa Pischel GrPk § 432; Gy. eur. ov, ō ʻ he, that, the ʼ Sampson DGW iv 247; Pr. sū ʻ he ʼ, obl. miš; Wg. amī ʻ these ʼ (< nom. pl. m. amīˊ?); K. huh, dat. humis, dir. pl. hum; S. ho; L. o: us, ũ, P. o: aus, us; WPah. bhal. o: ɔs, us; N. u: us; MB. oū: ohā; H. wah: us; OMarw. vo: ũ; Si. ū: ohu.
amuka -- .
Addenda: asáu: S.kcch. ū ʻ he, that ʼ.

ásta 973 ásta n. ʻ home ʼ RV., °aka -- n. AV., ástam ēti ʻ sets (of sun) ʼ RV., asta -- m. ʻ setting (of sun, &c.) ʼ MBh.
Pk. attha -- m. ʻ place of sunset ʼ; Si. ata ʻ sunset, the west ʼ.
Addenda: ásta -- 1 n. [< IE. *n̊sto -- , cf. Gk. no/stos ʻ return home ʼ EWA i 66: √nas]
†asta -- 2 see †astavyasta -- .

astamayá 974 astamayá m. ʻ setting of the sun ʼ ŚBr. [ástam ēti]
Māl. āthõ m. ʻ evening ʼ.
Addenda: astamayá -- : OP. āthõ f. ʻ the west ʼ.

astamáyana 975 astamáyana n. ʻ setting (of sun) ʼ ŚBr., astamana -- n. MBh. [ástam ēti]
OMarw. āthaṇa m. ʻ evening ʼ; G. āthamṇũ ʻ western ʼ; -- P. āthuṇ, āthaṇ m. ʻ the west ʼ, āthuṇṇā, ātha° ʻ (the sun) to set ʼ (ā -- after āthamṇā ʻ to stop, to set ʼ < *āstambhati); -- H. athamnā m. ʻ sunset, the west ʼ X ← Sk.

976 ástam ēti ʻ goes home, sets (of sun) ʼ RV. [ásta -- , ḗti]
Pa. atthamēti ʻ sets (of sun) ʼ, Pk. atthamaï, H. athānā, G. āthamvũ; -- P. āthṇā, āthamṇā prob. ← Centre or poss. infl. by āthamṇā ʻ to stop ʼ < *āstambhati.
astamáya -- , astamáyana -- .

976a †astavyasta -- ʻ tossed hither and thither ʼ Sūryapr. [asta -- 2 ʻ thrown aside ʼ Ragh. (ánasta -- ŚBr.), vyàsta<-> ʻ dismembered ʼ RV.: √as2]
A. āthe -- bethe (phonet. -- bethe) ʻ in haste ʼ AFD 206.

977 ásti ʻ is ʼ RV. [√as1]
1. Pres. 1st and 2nd sg. and pl. asmi, asi, smaḥ, stha survive as auxiliary with past participles, e.g. śrāntō 'smi, °tō 'si, °tāḥ smaḥ, °tāḥ stha > Sh. pales. šōdōs, šōdäi, šōdas, šōdath, K. 1st sg. past -- s (see Bloch IA 274 ff.). There is perh. direct survival as independent verb in Wg. 1st and 2nd sg. om, oš and Ash. 3rd pl. sen < sánti: for Kaf. conjugation Morgenstierne NTS ii 212 f. For survival of finite forms in as. and eur. Gy. see Bloch IL ii 27 ff. 3rd sg. ásti survives more widely outside the conjugational system or as the basis of new verbal forms: Pa. Pk. atthi, Aś. shah. man. gir. asti, kāl. dh. jau. top. athi, NiDoc. asti, Gy. as. asti ʻ there is ʼ, eur. rum. aštil ʻ it can be ʼ (Sampson DGW iv 13 f.), Paš. āsta (IIFL iii 3, 18), S. atha, H. M. poet. āthi ʻ there is ʼ from which M. āthilā ʻ there was ʼ (Bloch LM 292); Si. äti, äta ʻ there is ʼ, äd da ʻ is it enough? ʼ
2. Replaced by thematic forms poss. in Niṅg. s -- and WPah. khaś. 1st and 3rd sg. asũ ase, but even for this Kho. asum, asus, asur, which is < āˊsatē, Morgenstierne BelvalkarVol 86, suggests the probability of a similar origin. OB. ahaï mod. hay (Chatterji ODBL 424 < *asati) is prob. like M. āhṇẽ Bloch LM 294 of a different origin, see e.g. āˊkṣēti.
3. Bloch BSL xxxiii 55 ff. demonstrates the survival of āsīt, Pa. Pk. āsi as an auxiliary incorporated to form past tenses in the conjugation of NIA. verbs.
astitva -- , nāˊsti.
Addenda: ásti. 1. Gy.eur. asom, som ʻ I am ʼ; -- X bhávati: ham; -- despite Him.I 2, connexion is doubtful of WPah. -- thī in kṭg. ánthi, J. ã̄thī, kc. asti, kṭg. (kc.) átthi ʻ (there) is ʼ which prob. is pres.st. < sthitá -- (+ āˊsatē q.v.?); if so, Gy. asti = OIA. ásti is less convincing. J.C.W.
2. Delete second sentence (OB. -- ahaï is not relevant; for B. hay, haoyā, see bhávati; for M. āhṇẽ, see āˊkṣēti and āˊsatē); BKhoT 66 derives Kho. 2 sg. asus from *asasi.
†*asthāghiya -- see *asthāghya -- .

astitva 978 astitva n. ʻ existence ʼ Pāṇ. [ásti]
Pa. atthitta -- n., Si. ätta ʻ fact, reality, truth ʼ.

astrá 979 astrá n. ʻ missile weapon, arrow ʼ AV., ʻ any weapon ʼ lex. [√as2]
Pk. attha -- n. ʻ weapon ʼ; Si. (SigGr) at -- ʻ weapon ʼ in attam < at -- kam.

asthāgha 980 asthāgha ʻ very deep ʼ lex. [sthāgha -- ]
Pk. atthāha -- ; S. athāhu ʻ bottomless ʼ; P. athāh ʻ deep, unfordable ʼ; Ku. athā ʻ excessive ʼ; N. athā ʻ bottomless ʼ; A. āthāuni ʻ out of one's depth ʼ; Mth. H. G. athāh ʻ unfathomable, bottomless ʼ.
*asthāghya -- .

asthāghya 981 *asthāghya ʻ unfordable ʼ. [sthāgha -- ]
Pk. atthaggha -- ʻ deep ʼ; G. athāg, °āk ʻ bottomless ʼ, M. athã̄g, athāk.
Addenda: *asthāghya -- . 2. †*asthāghiya -- : A. âthāi ʻ fathomless ʼ AFD 224.

ásthi 982 ásthi n. ʻ bone ʼ, nom. acc. sg. ásthi, other cases ásthan- RV. [See aṣṭhi -- ]
Aś. kb. anathika -- mache ʻ boneless fish ʼ (Hultzsch reads anaṭhika -- with all other versions, see aṣṭhi -- ); Pk. atthi -- , °ya -- n. ʻ bone, a kind of fruit with many seeds ʼ; Kho. astī ʻ bone ʼ; Si. äta -- midaḷu ʻ marrow of the bones ʼ.
ūrvasthá -- .
Addenda: ásthi -- [a < non -- apophonic IE. o (Gk. o)ste/on) T. Burrow BSOAS xxxviii 69]: Si. -- read äṭa -- .

ásthira 983 ásthira ʻ unsteady ʼ ŚBr. [sthirá -- ]
Pa. atthiratta -- n. ʻ instability ʼ (Pa. cmpd. a -- thira -- ); Pk. atthira -- ʻ unsteady ʼ; Sh. (Lor.) athe_ro ʻ thoughtless, careless ʼ; L. athra ʻ restless ʼ, (Jukes) atthrā; P. ḍog. attharā ʻ teasing ʼ; Ku. athiro ʻ unsteady ʼ, A. āthar ʻ trembling (with age), decrepit ʼ, B. āthir; -- Si. atira Geiger EGS 6 but Si. cmpd. or ← Pa.
Addenda: ásthira -- : S.kcch. āthar ʻ mannerless ʼ, athro ʻ mischievous ʼ.

aspr̥ṣṭa 984 aspr̥ṣṭa ʻ untouched ʼ BhP. [spr̥ṣṭá -- ʻ touched ʼ AV.: √spr̥ś]
Pk. appuṭṭha -- ʻ untouched ʼ; H. apūṭ ʻ unadulterated ʼ; M. apūṭ ʻ untouched, untasted, unbroken ʼ.

aspr̥ha 985 aspr̥ha ʻ undesirous ʼ Mn. [√spr̥h]
P. aphur ʻ free from desire ʼ, aphuraṇ, °rṇā m. ʻ freedom from desire ʼ.

asmad 986 asmad base of obl. cases plur. of 1st pers. pronoun asmāˊn, asmāˊbhiḥ, asmábhyam, asmāˊkam, asmāˊsu, dat. loc. asmḗ.
Pa. nom. acc. amhē ( -- ē after other pronouns), gen. amhākaṁ, inst. amhēhi; Aś. dh. acc. aphe, gen. aphākaṁ, loc. aphesu; NiDoc. gen. asmakaṁ, inst. asmehi; Pk. nom. acc. amhē, gen. amhāṇaṁ, inst. amhēhiṁ.
The Kaf. and Dard. forms are discussed in detail by Morgenstierne IL v 357 ff.: Ash. ima ʻ we ʼ, Kt. emo, Wg. amīˊ, Pr. asẽ; Dm. obl. amâ, mâ; Tir. mā ʻ we ʼ, Paš. hamāˊ, Shum. ābə (< *ambhē), gen. amana (←Paš.); Woṭ. mā acc. pl.; Gaw. amō̃ ʻ we ʼ; Kal. dir. ābi, obl. hamā; Kho. dir. and obl. ispa; Tor. nom. mō, inst. mahī, gen. amun, mun; Mai. gen. zã̄, Chil. azã̄, Gau. asã̄, Phal. asī, Sh. ăsĕi, gur. ăsō̃.
In the remaining languages the declension rests mainly on three MIA. forms: -- *asmē, *asmānaṁ, *asmēhi with a tendency in the mod. stage for the successors of *asmē to be replaced by the inst. (as often in the case of 1st pers. sg. see ahám): Gy. eur. ame, pal. ắme, as. emi; Ḍ. *lme/, gen. ama; K. ȧsi, gen. sônu, S. asī˜ (< *asmēhiṁ), obl. asã̄; L. asã: asã; P. asī˜: asã̄; WPah. as: asan ~ jaun. ām; OB. ambhe, āmhe (Chatterji ODBL 809), āmi: āmā; Or. āmbhe, āme, ami: āmbha; Mth. Bhoj. Aw. H. dir. and obl. ham; OG. āma, mod. ame, M. āmhī, Ko. āmī (these three orig. inst.); Si. äp < apphe, apa < apphākaṁ (Geiger EGS 8 wrongly < ātmán -- ).
asmāˊka -- .
Addenda: asmad -- : Kho. ispāˊ ʻ we ʼ BKhoT 68, S.kcch. asī˜ dir. ʻ we ʼ, obl. asã̄ -- , Garh. ham dir. and obl., A. āmi.

asmarant 987 asmarant ʻ forgetting ʼ Lāṭy. [smárati].
K. asọ̆ru ʻ forgetfully ʼ.

asmāˊka 988 asmāˊka ʻ ours ʼ RV., āsmāká -- VS. [asmad -- ]
Ext. with -- ra -- or -- kā̆ra -- : Ap. amhāra -- , °aya -- , Gy. eur. amaro, N. hāmro, Or. āmara; Bhoj. hamār ʻ my ʼ; Aw. lakh. hamar, H. hamārā, G. amārũ.
Addenda: asmāˊka -- : Garh. hamārū ʻ our ʼ.

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